Professional Science Teacher Organizations

While joining a professional organization may be one of the last things on a new teacher's mind, I think it is important to consider early in your career. Many organizations offer new teacher discounts for local and national meetings or even grants for certain projects and courses. Some organizations offer support programs for teachers in their first few years and others just attending is often beneficial as you learn about new curriculum, research, strategies, etc. There is nothing like the camaraderie you feel being in a large room filled with people that teach the same subjects you do. You may or may not be reimbursed for your membership dues or meeting costs but it is worth asking your district about it. Some organizations are for any and all science teachers, usually 6-12, others are subject specific and usually include secondary school and university level. Below is a list I hope to add to with links and brief descriptions of each organization. Some on my list are region specific but if you're outside the greater San Francisco Bay Area you may find something similar in your area.

1. National Science Teacher Association (NSTA): Promoting excellence and innovation in science teaching and learning for all.
NSTA publishes a wide variety of science education books and journals all K-12, offers one national conference and three regional conferences each year, NGSS implementation resources, discussion boards and more.

2. California Science Teacher Association (CSTA):
CSTA offers one annual conference that visits major cities in California. They offer resources for California specific NGSS standards, implementation timelines, assessment information, etc. CSTA publishes a bimonthly electronic newsletter as well.

3. American Physical Society (APS): A nonprofit membership organization working to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics through its outstanding research journals, scientific meetings, and education, outreach, advocacy, and international activities.
APS offers subject specific meetings throughout the year, publishes several journals, career guidance, resources and statements for several outreach programs including education, women in physics, minorities in physics and LGBTQ+ persons in physics. 

4. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): A professional membership association of scientists dedicated to enhancing the understanding and appreciation of physics through teaching.
AAPT offers two national conferences/ meetings a year, a larger one in summer and a smaller one in the winter. There are several publications that come out monthly or weekly, in print and electronically. Teaching resources including videos, select pedagogical articles, free downloadable posters, recommended websites, blogs and simulations. AAPT also administers the national US Physics Team assessments for the annual team selection. The association is open to all physics teachers, including middle school, high school and university level. 

5. Local sections of AAPT; i.e. the Northern California/ Nevada Section of the American Association of Physics Teachers (NCNAAPT):
Often less expensive and more intimate than their parent organization, local sections offer a much closer-to-home conference with local teachers. There are often keynote speakers, panels on educational issues and lots of time to interact with others. The real benefit to this is creating a network of physics teachers near you that you can turn to for help. Our local section offers teachers a chance to present new demos, research or just interesting things they have found. We often have giveaways and offer mentoring for new teachers in the area. A one day meeting in your area is often much easier to fit into your life than a three day meeting potentially on the other side of the country. The association welcomes teachers from all levels, including those that may not be a physics teacher by trade. (Our meetings are that fun ;)

6. Physics Teachers S.O.S. (PTSOS):
Born from the local NCNAAPT, PTSOS is a free series of three workshops for new or new-to-physics teachers. The program offers tried and true lessons from veteran teachers including dynamics demos and the materials with which to do them. Participants get a chance to try the lessons so that they feel more comfortable using them in their own classroom. It is very common to hear, "I'm doing this on Monday!" throughout the day. Generous donors keep this program running, supplying materials and food to participants. There is an active listserve and twitter handle as well for "need help now!" situations. The program is designed for high school teachers and sometimes fills up. If you are ever signing up say I sent you ;)

7. Exploratorium's New Teacher Induction Program (previously the Beginning/New Teacher Institute):
This is a program you have to apply to and is open to all science and math teachers in their first few years of teaching. Participants are compensated for their time, usually spoiled with food and are part of a supportive network of alumni from throughout the country. New teachers are matched with a mentor(s) for out-of-class support and an in-class coach. I like to describe mentors as the emotional support system, think of having a coffee date with that friend that always says just what you need to hear to motivate you to continue on. The in-class coaches are a unique chance to have a veteran teacher observe you solely for your benefit. There will be many times a new teacher will be observed, perhaps for evaluation by an administrator or by a district support coach for state credential clearance. But in both of those cases the observation fulfills someone else's need, not the new teacher's. An Exploratorium Coach observes new teachers to (shocking!) help the new teacher. The observations and communications are not shared with any school officials (even if they ask) and they will guide you to reflect on your own practice. Program participants also attend content and pedagogy workshops throughout the year and a multi-week institute in the summer. There are other Exploratorium institutes, programs and conferences offered throughout the year, I recommended going to as many as you can. 

For the non-physics teachers:

• National Association of Biology Teachers (NABT)
• National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT)
• American Association of Chemistry Teachers (AACT)

All of which seem to offer subject-specific classroom resources, publications and conferences like AAPT. Additionally I found this list from CSU Long Beach that included some above and some for some non-physics subjects. 

Realistically you can't join all of these or attend all of these opportunities. But I strongly suggest being aware of what is out there and trying a few. Got a sister in San Diego? Visit CSTA when it's down there and its a two-for-one deal. Does your district pay for local conferences? Try a local AAPT section meeting. Or perhaps you get a grant for some continuing education? Join NSTA and get some journals or books. You're going to be pulled in a lot of different directions in your first few years so balance is key. Don't ever feel like you have to join a professional organization but as a current or past member of most of these, they do help. Going to a professional organization can be invigorating and inject some amazing new resources into your current curriculum. Building a network of people you can turn to for help is invaluable and much easier to do in person. 

The No Homework Experiment

Background

This year has been a curricular experiment about homework in regular Physics classes including approximately 240 students in seven sections. Two different teachers, myself and Jon Brix, taught nearly identical curriculum. Students were given the following descriptions and asked a series of questions via Google Form in April with the instructions: “Please read the following descriptions and then answer each question honestly. Constructive criticism will help me determine what I should adjust about this process. Complaints without suggestions for change will not be as helpful.”

Former format with homework:

Homework was assigned most nights to be stamped the following day. Each day the homework was reviewed and students self-corrected it. Students that did not complete it before it was stamped are encouraged to complete it while it was reviewed. Homework assignments could include textbook problems, reading textbook sections, completing worksheets or finishing a lab. Ideally the homework did not take more than 20 minutes a night. The homework was collected at the end of each unit and checked for completion and stamps. Assignments missing stamps or incomplete earned fewer points. Homework was 10% of the total grade.

Current format without homework:

Suggested homework is supplied every night but is not required. Suggested homework may include textbook problems, reading textbook sections, or completing worksheets. The answers can be reviewed in class or via email upon request. Required homework is occasionally assigned and stamped. Required homework is most often completing in-class activities and rarely textbook problems or reading. Some problems are done collaboratively in class on whiteboards; students work in groups taking turns to solve them. Each week students take a short formative assessment so that the students and I know how they are doing. If students do poorly on the quiz they should consider completing more of the suggested homework. These weekly quizzes are 10% of the total grade and graded for accuracy. 

Survey results

We did not track who took the survey so 99 (as of this posting) of over 200 students completed the survey. The full survey questions are available here. The results are shared below, with some reflection.

 

The majority of students prefer not having homework while about a quarter would have preferred to have homework. I was surprised at the 20% that said they wouldn't care either way. 

Students were then offered to explain their choice for nightly homework or not. The full text of students responses is here. 

Of the 54 students that liked not having homework I made a rough count of common themes in their responses:

23 mentioned that they learned the materials in class without additional help

2 said students are lazy

14 mentioned that it saved them time for their other classes or specifically said they had AP classes to focus on

16 said they liked having the option to do suggested homework if they needed it or that the option gave them responsibility

Of the 25 students that wished they had had homework a similar rough count revealed:

5 students said they would have liked to earn "easy" points for it

8 students said they need to do homework to learn material

13 students mentioned that without an incentive they would not do it

This came as no surprise to me. Depending on the assignment, I might ask the class, "Who would like to see the solutions to the suggested homework?" and I would get few hands. Sometimes no hands, which could mean students were self conscious and didn't want to admit that they were studious. Sometimes I still reviewed the assignment because I wanted the whole class to discuss the questions; other times I scrolled briefly through the rubric on a projector. When given the chance to respond (full text of students responses here) many mentioned they would have liked access to an answer key online to check their own work. Going forward I think that is a good idea.

Required homework was usually finishing a lab in class. These self-reported responses were pretty close to my observations in class. 

This highlights perhaps the most frustrating parts of this new system. The suggested homework is there, every day, for students who need it. Yet the students that need it the most do not take advantage of it. The majority of students here felt doing more suggested homework would help them. Almost 90% of the students said that that it would have helped them or at least maybe it might have helped them. 

When given the chance to respond many students admitted they didn't do the suggested homework that should have and would have like some kind of incentive to do it. 

As a way of still assessing students' understanding and holding them accountable for learning the material we wrote weekly quizzes. They did not occur every week (in high school, rallies, programs, life, often gets in the way) but often enough to become routine. I was pleased to see that almost 90% of students thought that the weekly quizzes helped them figure out what to study or at least sometimes did. 

When asked about the length of the quizzes 88 of the 99 said that they thought the length was appropriate. When asking about their confidence going into the test I tried to take into account anxiety about the content and about the assessment. 

Please select any statements you agree with or describe you most of the time:

• (40/99) I was not anxious about the weekly quizzes because I was confident in my understanding.
• (22/99) I was anxious about the weekly quizzes because I was not confident in my understanding.
• (29/99) I was anxious about the weekly quizzes because I was worried they would bring down my grade.
• (22/99) I was not anxious about the weekly quizzes because I knew they didn’t drastically impact my grade.
• (22/99) I was anxious about the weekly quizzes because I am always anxious taking tests or quizzes.
• (8/99) I was not anxious about the weekly quizzes because I am never anxious taking tests or quizzes.

So a total of 73 reported feeling anxious about our weekly assessments for some reason . A few less, 62, reported not feeling anxious about the weekly assessments. 

Given the wide variety of aptitude levels in our classes this was not a surprise. For some students, Physics is their toughest subject. For others it may be their only non-AP course. Our students' math levels vary from AP Calculus, AP Statistics and Multi-variable Calculus to our remedial math track. 

The written responses to weekly quizzes varied greatly but one student saw them for what they were meant to be:

"I found the quizzes to closely resemble the textbook problems, this was a good way to motivate people to do the homework as it is direct practice for the quiz."

We were pleasantly surprised by the positive effects of whiteboard practice problems in class. "Whiteboarding" can mean many different things in education. We used large whiteboards so that students could collaboratively solve problems together in class. Certain problems were assigned and the teacher would circle the room checking their progress. We found that we were often just checking their final answers as they had worked together past the normal stumbling blocks. The conversations within groups about their own problem solving were wonderful, they worked through misconceptions and were able to refer back to previous work. 

This was a concern in some classes as there may be a student that understood the topic and wanted to be "done." We strove to change this by saying that students have to pass the pen every problem so that one person would not solve them all. Sometimes we would put two boards out per table and groups were given the option to work in groups of four or two. 

While solving problems with my group I felt:

It was not ok to make mistakes    

1 - 1

2 - 7

3 - 15

4 - 20

5 - 56

It was ok to make mistakes and correct them

We were pleased to see that the whiteboarding helped students move towards a growth mindset. The majority of students felt that it was okay to make mistakes and correct them, often attributed to the temporary nature of whiteboards. 

Again, we felt that this showed whiteboarding practice problems had been successful. We implemented the whiteboard problems in order to make-up for the calculation practice students would not be doing through homework. We often determined which problems to use by looking at old homework assignments and picking problems we really thought students needed to try in order to understand the concepts. 

This surprised me considering the previous responses to whiteboarding problems, a format I would attributed to the green colored "Collaboratively with others" response above. Most students preferred a individually working on problems but talking for at least part of the time with others. A few students specifically responded that they would like more individual practice in the Think-Pair-Share format. One student suggestion I really liked suggested using four small whiteboards, one for each student, and then having students combine them. It is possible that while I wrote "while talking to others" to mean "talking to others about the problems I'm solving" that students interpreted it as being able to socially talk with their friends while working on problems. 

Assessments changes

The multiple choice portion of our tests has been very similar to years past although more of the free response has been changed. We feel that we have increased the difficulty level of the free response, adding more questions about their labs and analyzing data to replace simpler "plug & chug" problems. We cannot directly compare test averages year to year because there are many variables: I was gone on maternity leave twice in the last six years, did not teach Physics one year and Brix has been teaching Physics for only three years. We have also been changing much of our curriculum to better align with the Next Generation Science Standards. Our impression has been that the test averages are similar to past years if not higher. The overall class averages have been higher than in years past by small amounts. 

Reflections

Many of the student comments were expected and not surprising given the nature of the age group we teach and the competitiveness of current high school academics in our area. While we feel this “No Homework Experiment” accomplished some of our goals it is not a “one size fits all” pedagogy and a certain amount of differentiation is still necessary. Both teachers have noticed that the lower level students that might have been at a B- or C+ before are up to a grade lower this year. This might be attributed to the 10% that used to be given for homework completion was based on completion (or corrected completion) and not accuracy their first time attempting it. We are inclined to think that these students would benefit more from practicing the concepts more by doing the suggested homework but since it is not required, they won't do it.

Next Steps    

We both intend to continue without required nightly homework for regular Physics. Given student responses a few more required assignments will be added and we are working on an incentive system for students that should be taking advantage of the suggested homework system. We don't feel comfortable "requiring" the suggested homework if they are below a certain grade level as that complicates grading. Several students suggested making one assignment a week required which is something to consider and it might be enough to help the lower level students. Any and all suggestions about further encouraging struggling students are appreciated. 

If any additional reflections are made before the end of the school year I will add to this post. If you have any specific questions feel free to send them my way. 

NGSS Science & Engineering

New Teacher Institute, March 7th, 2015

Presented with Geoff Gould

Powerpoint shared today (pdf or ppt)

Science & Engineering Practices Highlights (pdf or google doc)

More complete text of Science & Engineering Practices Activity (pdf or google doc)

Blank Practices chart (pdf or google doc)

Workshop Notes graciously collected by Mac of our discussions

Just some of the ideas for implementing the Science & Engineering Practices that participants had:

NGSS Sample Performance Assessments

The sample Performance Assessments were released last month and I'm just now getting a chance to sit down and look at it. And it will take some time to digest it. Each is 17 pages and includes background information, description of the tasks, time lines and examples. The Solar Oven is the only one that seems primarily Physics. As you read it, you may come to realize its a fairly complex assignment as I did. Each time I thought I understood how to implement it in my classroom another page reveals another layer. I don't know how this can be achieved with hands on materials in my classroom.

NGSS Interactive Pathway resource

While searching for an image to use for a poster submission four my upcoming NCNAAPT meeting I found this image that I really enjoyed from the Concord Consortium. Conceptually I think it helps with understanding how the three strands are brought together. I was amused when I found a "fortune teller" template about NGSS. I was thrilled to see this interactive pathway page. If you choose a Discipline Core Idea, then a Practice you would like to use and finally a Crosscutting Concept. Then an activity is suggested for you that meets all those needs! The materials look great and were developed with a grant from NSF. The activities are very detailed, including images and other multimedia and has pacing information with teacher support. Some have questions next to the pictures for students to answer. After the questions are answered students can create a report that can be printed with their responses.

The poster I submitted to the NCNAAPT conference is available here and is meant as an introduction to NGSS for teachers and administrators alike.

NGSS Aligned Unit Outlines

Working with my colleagues we took our District's linear sequence for Physics and found the Performance Expectations that fit with each of our units. From there we added our own objectives for some, more for others; Waves & Sound for example have many more of our own objectives because there are not many in NGSS that are about sound and mechanical waves. We also found some Science & Engineering Practices that were included in these units. There are many more practices we could have kept, but we were trying to keep it to a page. :) These are a work in process and are our own curricular guides; please take them lightly as we along with the rest of the country align to NGSS.

NGSS Aligned Unit Outlines:

Kinematics	Forces	2D Forces	Energy
Circular Motion,Torque	Thermodynamics	Momentum	Waves & Sound
Electrostatics	Electromagnetism	Current Electricity

Wire It Up! Electric Building Project

Chevron STEM Conference Exploratorium November 23rd, 2013

As part of the Chevron STEM Conference by the Exploratorium I presented on my Electric House Project using recycled holiday lights.

Workshop Write-up (pdf or google doc)

Student introduction sheet (pdf or doc)

Workshop powerpoint (pdf or ppt)

Sample projects from 2012 and 2013

Physics class Electric Building Project page (not updated for 2014)

3 Dimensional Learning analogy

A great article on NSTA's blog about how to employ the NGSS. I love the cooking analogy!

NSTA NGSS Resources I love

NSTA Resources:
A huge amount of NSTA materials is available on this website and is very helpful because they sort the standards differently.

• How to Read the Standards
• Front Matter
• NGSS Organized by Topic (PDF of the full set)
• NGSS Organized by Topic (PDFs of Separate Sections)
• NGSS Organized by Disciplinary Core Idea (PDF of the full set)
• NGSS Organized by Disciplinary Core Idea (PDFs of Separate Sections)

Appendices

• Conceptual Shifts
• Responses to Public Feedback
• College and Career Readiness (Coming Soon)
• All Standards, All Students
• Disciplinary Core Idea Progression in the NGSS
• Science and Engineering Practices in the NGSS / Matrix
• Crosscutting Concepts in the NGSS / Matrix
• Nature of Science in the NGSS / Matrix
• Engineering Design in the NGSS
• Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment
• Model Course Mapping in Middle and High School
• Connections to CCSS—Mathematics
• Connections to CCSS—Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects

I found an Infographic about NGSS that is very clear and understandable that helps explain the "parts." After I found this I used it to develop a NGSS Professional Development introduction  using portions of the Infographic by www.TeachTCI.com. This is a general explanation piece using the image in a printable format.

NGSS Basics

I found that I started not understanding the basic chart format of the standards. I found an Infographic about NGSS that is very clear and understandable that helps explain the "parts." The new standards are no longer a check list of "things students need to know" but a list of (1) Content they must know at a deeper level than before, (2) Practices or skills they must have in order to express that content and (3) Crosscutting ideas they should be able to see across several disciplines. The framework in its chart form separates each of these categories from the "Performance Expectations" that detail what students are expected to be able to do based on those three parts.

Specific resources for the Middle School and High School are also available. 

Science & Engineering Practices These skills are listed under specific Performance Expectations but do not have to be taught only with those concepts. All the advice I've heard for implementation of NGSS has been to start with these Science and Engineering Practices. These skills can be taught to students in any concept and if students truly understand how to do it then they should be able to apply them to any other concept. For example, there is an Science & Engineering Practice regarding analyzing data, something that students do frequently. There are others about designing and revising a model which you may teach to your students in the Kinematics unit but they may be assessed regarding Electricity. I've separated the Science and Engineering Practices for Grades 9-12 so that you can see them a little more broadly. 

Crosscutting Concepts:
The Crosscutting Concepts are concepts that should appear in multiple disciplines and help students see the overall interdisciplinary connections between their classes. Often, teachers discuss applications of a particular concept in multiple classes. For example, the lens of the eye shares properties with over convex lenses so it may be discussed in both a biology (or anatomy) class as well as a Physics class. In my class I discuss near-sightedness and far-sightedness and how their focal lengths differ; students who are in anatomy and have dissected a cow's eye have a much better understanding of that concept. Crosscutting Concepts Grades 6-8 and Grades 9-12

Common Core & NGSS at PUSD

PUSD Common Core Institute August 21st, 2013

Presenter Handout (doc or pdf) with Inside the NGSS Box from NSTA on the back

Common Core materials:

Anchor Standards for Reading (pdf) and Writing (pdf)

Reading in Science (pdf)

Text Complexity (pdf)

Writing Standards (pdf)

CER aka ClEvR materials:
CER Explanatory Handout (doc or pdf) and a word document of the chart on the second page is available here.
CER Activity with prompts (doc or pdf)
An example of an activity for Physics with the CER strategy called "Graphing Experimental Data Lab" (doc or pdf)

Presentation powerpoint (pdf)